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发表于 2016-6-17 00:04:44
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显示全部楼层
應該是那個範例寫得不好，
正常來說跟蹤框是可以縮到剩一個點，
若物體再出現，那個點還是會擴大成框格的，
試試底下這個範例，
他可以打開攝影鏡頭，
然後你用滑鼠左鍵框選你的跟蹤的目標，
- //对运动物体的跟踪：
- //如果背景固定,可用帧差法 然后在计算下连通域 将面积小的去掉即可
- //如果背景单一,即你要跟踪的物体颜色和背景色有较大区别 可用基于颜色的跟踪 如CAMSHIFT 鲁棒性都是较好的
- //如果背景复杂,如背景中有和前景一样的颜色 就需要用到一些具有预测性的算法 如卡尔曼滤波等 可以和CAMSHIFT结合
- #ifdef _CH_
- #pragma package <opencv>
- #endif
- #ifndef _EiC
- #include "cv.h"
- #include "highgui.h"
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <ctype.h>
- #endif
- IplImage *image = 0, *hsv = 0, *hue = 0, *mask = 0, *backproject = 0, *histimg = 0;
- //用HSV中的Hue分量进行跟踪
- CvHistogram *hist = 0;
- //直方图类
- int backproject_mode = 0;
- int select_object = 0;
- int track_object = 0;
- int show_hist = 1;
- CvPoint origin;
- CvRect selection;
- CvRect track_window;
- CvBox2D track_box;
- //Meanshift跟踪算法返回的Box类
- //typedef struct CvBox2D{
- //CvPoint2D32f center; /* 盒子的中心 */
- //CvSize2D32f size; /* 盒子的长和宽 */
- //float angle; /* 水平轴与第一个边的夹角，用弧度表示*/
- //}CvBox2D;
- CvConnectedComp track_comp;
- //连接部件
- //typedef struct CvConnectedComp{
- //double area; /* 连通域的面积 */
- //float value; /* 分割域的灰度缩放值 */
- //CvRect rect; /* 分割域的 ROI */
- //} CvConnectedComp;
- int hdims = 16;
- //划分直方图bins的个数，越多越精确
- float hranges_arr[] = {0,180};
- //像素值的范围
- float* hranges = hranges_arr;
- //用于初始化CvHistogram类
- int vmin = 10, vmax = 256, smin = 30;
- //用于设置滑动条
- void on_mouse( int event, int x, int y, int flags, void* param )
- //鼠标回调函数,该函数用鼠标进行跟踪目标的选择
- {
- if( !image )
- return;
- if( image->origin )
- y = image->height - y;
- //如果图像原点坐标在左下,则将其改为左上
- if( select_object )
- //select_object为1,表示在用鼠标进行目标选择
- //此时对矩形类selection用当前的鼠标位置进行设置
- {
- selection.x = MIN(x,origin.x);
- selection.y = MIN(y,origin.y);
- selection.width = selection.x + CV_IABS(x - origin.x);
- selection.height = selection.y + CV_IABS(y - origin.y);
- selection.x = MAX( selection.x, 0 );
- selection.y = MAX( selection.y, 0 );
- selection.width = MIN( selection.width, image->width );
- selection.height = MIN( selection.height, image->height );
- selection.width -= selection.x;
- selection.height -= selection.y;
- }
- switch( event )
- {
- case CV_EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN:
- //鼠标按下,开始点击选择跟踪物体
- origin = cvPoint(x,y);
- selection = cvRect(x,y,0,0);
- select_object = 1;
- break;
- case CV_EVENT_LBUTTONUP:
- //鼠标松开,完成选择跟踪物体
- select_object = 0;
- if( selection.width > 0 && selection.height > 0 )
- //如果选择物体有效，则打开跟踪功能
- track_object = -1;
- break;
- }
- }
- CvScalar hsv2rgb( float hue )
- //用于将Hue量转换成RGB量
- {
- int rgb[3], p, sector;
- static const int sector_data[][3]=
- {{0,2,1}, {1,2,0}, {1,0,2}, {2,0,1}, {2,1,0}, {0,1,2}};
- hue *= 0.033333333333333333333333333333333f;
- sector = cvFloor(hue);
- p = cvRound(255*(hue - sector));
- p ^= sector & 1 ? 255 : 0;
- rgb[sector_data[sector][0]] = 255;
- rgb[sector_data[sector][1]] = 0;
- rgb[sector_data[sector][2]] = p;
- return cvScalar(rgb[2], rgb[1], rgb[0],0);
- }
- int main( int argc, char** argv )
- {
- CvCapture* capture;
- capture =cvCaptureFromCAM(0) ;
- // if( argc == 1 || (argc == 2 && strlen(argv[1]) == 1 && isdigit(argv[1][0])))
- // //打开摄像头
- // capture = cvCaptureFromCAM( argc == 2 ? argv[1][0] - '0' : 0 );
- // else if( argc == 2 )
- // //打开avi
- // capture = cvCaptureFromAVI( argv[1] );
- if( !capture )
- //打开视频流失败
- {
- fprintf(stderr,"Could not initialize capturing...\n");
- return -1;
- }
- printf( "Hot keys: \n"
- "\tESC - quit the program\n"
- "\tc - stop the tracking\n"
- "\tb - switch to/from backprojection view\n"
- "\th - show/hide object histogram\n"
- "To initialize tracking, select the object with mouse\n" );
- //打印程序功能列表
- cvNamedWindow( "Histogram", 1 );
- //用于显示直方图
- cvNamedWindow( "CamShiftDemo", 1 );
- //用于显示视频
- cvSetMouseCallback( "CamShiftDemo", on_mouse, 0 );
- //设置鼠标回调函数
- cvCreateTrackbar( "Vmin", "CamShiftDemo", &vmin, 256, 0 );
- cvCreateTrackbar( "Vmax", "CamShiftDemo", &vmax, 256, 0 );
- cvCreateTrackbar( "Smin", "CamShiftDemo", &smin, 256, 0 );
- //设置滑动条
- for(;;)
- //进入视频帧处理主循环
- {
- IplImage* frame = 0;
- int i, bin_w, c;
- frame = cvQueryFrame( capture );
- if( !frame )
- break;
- if( !image )
- //image为0,表明刚开始还未对image操作过,先建立一些缓冲区
- {
- image = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(frame), 8, 3 );
- image->origin = frame->origin;
- hsv = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(frame), 8, 3 );
- hue = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(frame), 8, 1 );
- mask = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(frame), 8, 1 );
- //分配掩膜图像空间
- backproject = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(frame), 8, 1 );
- //分配反向投影图空间,大小一样,单通道
- hist = cvCreateHist( 1, &hdims, CV_HIST_ARRAY, &hranges, 1 );
- //分配直方图空间
- histimg = cvCreateImage( cvSize(320,200), 8, 3 );
- //分配用于直方图显示的空间
- cvZero( histimg );
- //置背景为黑色
- }
- cvCopy( frame, image, 0 );
- cvCvtColor( image, hsv, CV_BGR2HSV );
- //把图像从RGB表色系转为HSV表色系
- if( track_object )
- //track_object非零,表示有需要跟踪的物体
- {
- int _vmin = vmin, _vmax = vmax;
- cvInRangeS( hsv, cvScalar(0,smin,MIN(_vmin,_vmax),0),
- cvScalar(180,256,MAX(_vmin,_vmax),0), mask );
- //制作掩膜板，只处理像素值为H：0~180，S：smin~256，V：vmin~vmax之间的部分
- cvSplit( hsv, hue, 0, 0, 0 );
- //分离H分量
- if( track_object < 0 )
- //如果需要跟踪的物体还没有进行属性提取，则进行选取框类的图像属性提取
- {
- float max_val = 0.f;
- cvSetImageROI( hue, selection );
- //设置原选择框为ROI
- cvSetImageROI( mask, selection );
- //设置掩膜板选择框为ROI
- cvCalcHist( &hue, hist, 0, mask );
- //得到选择框内且满足掩膜板内的直方图
- cvGetMinMaxHistValue( hist, 0, &max_val, 0, 0 );
- cvConvertScale( hist->bins, hist->bins, max_val ? 255. / max_val : 0., 0 );
- // 对直方图的数值转为0~255
- cvResetImageROI( hue );
- //去除ROI
- cvResetImageROI( mask );
- //去除ROI
- track_window = selection;
- track_object = 1;
- //置track_object为1,表明属性提取完成
- cvZero( histimg );
- bin_w = histimg->width / hdims;
- for( i = 0; i < hdims; i++ )
- //画直方图到图像空间
- {
- int val = cvRound( cvGetReal1D(hist->bins,i)*histimg->height/255 );
- CvScalar color = hsv2rgb(i*180.f/hdims);
- cvRectangle( histimg, cvPoint(i*bin_w,histimg->height),
- cvPoint((i+1)*bin_w,histimg->height - val),
- color, -1, 8, 0 );
- }
- }
- cvCalcBackProject( &hue, backproject, hist );
- //计算hue的反向投影图
- cvAnd( backproject, mask, backproject, 0 );
- //得到掩膜内的反向投影
- cvCamShift( backproject, track_window,
- cvTermCriteria( CV_TERMCRIT_EPS | CV_TERMCRIT_ITER, 10, 1 ),
- &track_comp, &track_box );
- //使用MeanShift算法对backproject中的内容进行搜索,返回跟踪结果
- track_window = track_comp.rect;
- //得到跟踪结果的矩形框
- if( backproject_mode )
- cvCvtColor( backproject, image, CV_GRAY2BGR );
- if( image->origin )
- track_box.angle = -track_box.angle;
- cvEllipseBox( image, track_box, CV_RGB(255,0,0), 3, CV_AA, 0 );
- //画出跟踪结果的位置
- }
- if( select_object && selection.width > 0 && selection.height > 0 )
- //如果正处于物体选择，画出选择框
- {
- cvSetImageROI( image, selection );
- cvXorS( image, cvScalarAll(255), image, 0 );
- cvResetImageROI( image );
- }
- cvShowImage( "CamShiftDemo", image );
- cvShowImage( "Histogram", histimg );
- c = cvWaitKey(10);
- if( (char) c == 27 )
- break;
- switch( (char) c )
- //按键切换功能
- {
- case 'b':
- backproject_mode ^= 1;
- break;
- case 'c':
- track_object = 0;
- cvZero( histimg );
- break;
- case 'h':
- show_hist ^= 1;
- if( !show_hist )
- cvDestroyWindow( "Histogram" );
- else
- cvNamedWindow( "Histogram", 1 );
- break;
- default:
- ;
- }
- }
- cvReleaseCapture( &capture );
- cvDestroyWindow("CamShiftDemo");
- return 0;
- }
- #ifdef _EiC
- main(1,"camshiftdemo.c");
- #endif
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