Adding (blending) two images using OpenCV

Goal

In this tutorial you will learn how to:

• What is linear blending and why it is useful.
• Add two images using addWeighted

Theory

Note

The explanation below belongs to the book Computer Vision: Algorithms and Applications by Richard Szeliski

From our previous tutorial, we know already a bit of Pixel operators. An interesting dyadic (two-input) operator is the linear blend operator:

System Message: WARNING/2 (g(x) = (1 - \alpha)f_{0}(x) + \alpha f_{1}(x))

latex exited with error: [stderr] [stdout] This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-1.40.10 (TeX Live 2009/Debian) entering extended mode (./math.tex LaTeX2e <2009/09/24> Babel <v3.8l> and hyphenation patterns for english, usenglishmax, dumylang, noh yphenation, loaded. (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/article.cls Document Class: article 2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/size12.clo)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/inputenc.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/utf8x.def)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/ucs.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/data/uni-global.def)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsmath.sty For additional information on amsmath, use the `?’ option. (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amstext.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsgen.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsbsy.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsopn.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amscls/amsthm.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsfonts/amssymb.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsfonts/amsfonts.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/tools/bm.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/euler/euler.sty Package: `euler’ v2.5 <1995/03/05> (FJ and FMi) ) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/color.sty (/etc/texmf/tex/latex/config/color.cfg) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/dvips.def) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/dvipsnam.def)) ! LaTeX Error: File `bbm.sty’ not found. Type X to quit or <RETURN> to proceed, or enter new name. (Default extension: sty) Enter file name: ! Emergency stop. <read *> l.11 ...ackage{amsmath}\usepackage{bbm}\usepackage {colortbl}^^M No pages of output. Transcript written on math.log.

By varying

System Message: WARNING/2 (\alpha)

latex exited with error: [stderr] [stdout] This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-1.40.10 (TeX Live 2009/Debian) entering extended mode (./math.tex LaTeX2e <2009/09/24> Babel <v3.8l> and hyphenation patterns for english, usenglishmax, dumylang, noh yphenation, loaded. (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/article.cls Document Class: article 2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/size12.clo)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/inputenc.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/utf8x.def)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/ucs.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/data/uni-global.def)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsmath.sty For additional information on amsmath, use the `?’ option. (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amstext.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsgen.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsbsy.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsopn.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amscls/amsthm.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsfonts/amssymb.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsfonts/amsfonts.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/tools/bm.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/euler/euler.sty Package: `euler’ v2.5 <1995/03/05> (FJ and FMi) ) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/color.sty (/etc/texmf/tex/latex/config/color.cfg) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/dvips.def) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/dvipsnam.def)) ! LaTeX Error: File `bbm.sty’ not found. Type X to quit or <RETURN> to proceed, or enter new name. (Default extension: sty) Enter file name: ! Emergency stop. <read *> l.11 ...ackage{amsmath}\usepackage{bbm}\usepackage {colortbl}^^M No pages of output. Transcript written on math.log.

from

System Message: WARNING/2 (0 \rightarrow 1)

latex exited with error: [stderr] [stdout] This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-1.40.10 (TeX Live 2009/Debian) entering extended mode (./math.tex LaTeX2e <2009/09/24> Babel <v3.8l> and hyphenation patterns for english, usenglishmax, dumylang, noh yphenation, loaded. (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/article.cls Document Class: article 2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/size12.clo)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/inputenc.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/utf8x.def)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/ucs.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/data/uni-global.def)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsmath.sty For additional information on amsmath, use the `?’ option. (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amstext.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsgen.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsbsy.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsopn.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amscls/amsthm.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsfonts/amssymb.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsfonts/amsfonts.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/tools/bm.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/euler/euler.sty Package: `euler’ v2.5 <1995/03/05> (FJ and FMi) ) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/color.sty (/etc/texmf/tex/latex/config/color.cfg) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/dvips.def) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/dvipsnam.def)) ! LaTeX Error: File `bbm.sty’ not found. Type X to quit or <RETURN> to proceed, or enter new name. (Default extension: sty) Enter file name: ! Emergency stop. <read *> l.11 ...ackage{amsmath}\usepackage{bbm}\usepackage {colortbl}^^M No pages of output. Transcript written on math.log.

this operator can be used to perform a temporal cross-disolve between two images or videos, as seen in slide shows and film productions (cool, eh?)

Code

As usual, after the not-so-lengthy explanation, let’s go to the code:

#include <cv.h>
#include <highgui.h>
#include <iostream>

using namespace cv;

int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
 double alpha = 0.5; double beta; double input;

 Mat src1, src2, dst;

 /// Ask the user enter alpha
 std::cout<<" Simple Linear Blender "<<std::endl;
 std::cout<<"-----------------------"<<std::endl;
 std::cout<<"* Enter alpha [0-1]: ";
 std::cin>>input;

 /// We use the alpha provided by the user iff it is between 0 and 1
 if( alpha >= 0 && alpha <= 1 )
   { alpha = input; }

 /// Read image ( same size, same type )
 src1 = imread("../../images/LinuxLogo.jpg");
 src2 = imread("../../images/WindowsLogo.jpg");

 if( !src1.data ) { printf("Error loading src1 \n"); return -1; }
 if( !src2.data ) { printf("Error loading src2 \n"); return -1; }

 /// Create Windows
 namedWindow("Linear Blend", 1);

 beta = ( 1.0 - alpha );
 addWeighted( src1, alpha, src2, beta, 0.0, dst);

 imshow( "Linear Blend", dst );

 waitKey(0);
 return 0;
}

Explanation

1. Since we are going to perform:

   System Message: WARNING/2 (g(x) = (1 - \alpha)f_{0}(x) + \alpha f_{1}(x))

   latex exited with error: [stderr] [stdout] This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-1.40.10 (TeX Live 2009/Debian) entering extended mode (./math.tex LaTeX2e <2009/09/24> Babel <v3.8l> and hyphenation patterns for english, usenglishmax, dumylang, noh yphenation, loaded. (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/article.cls Document Class: article 2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/size12.clo)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/inputenc.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/utf8x.def)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/ucs.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/data/uni-global.def)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsmath.sty For additional information on amsmath, use the `?’ option. (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amstext.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsgen.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsbsy.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsopn.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amscls/amsthm.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsfonts/amssymb.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsfonts/amsfonts.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/tools/bm.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/euler/euler.sty Package: `euler’ v2.5 <1995/03/05> (FJ and FMi) ) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/color.sty (/etc/texmf/tex/latex/config/color.cfg) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/dvips.def) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/dvipsnam.def)) ! LaTeX Error: File `bbm.sty’ not found. Type X to quit or <RETURN> to proceed, or enter new name. (Default extension: sty) Enter file name: ! Emergency stop. <read *> l.11 ...ackage{amsmath}\usepackage{bbm}\usepackage {colortbl}^^M No pages of output. Transcript written on math.log.

   We need two source images (

   System Message: WARNING/2 (f_{0}(x))

   latex exited with error: [stderr] [stdout] This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-1.40.10 (TeX Live 2009/Debian) entering extended mode (./math.tex LaTeX2e <2009/09/24> Babel <v3.8l> and hyphenation patterns for english, usenglishmax, dumylang, noh yphenation, loaded. (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/article.cls Document Class: article 2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/size12.clo)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/inputenc.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/utf8x.def)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/ucs.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/data/uni-global.def)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsmath.sty For additional information on amsmath, use the `?’ option. (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amstext.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsgen.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsbsy.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsopn.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amscls/amsthm.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsfonts/amssymb.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsfonts/amsfonts.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/tools/bm.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/euler/euler.sty Package: `euler’ v2.5 <1995/03/05> (FJ and FMi) ) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/color.sty (/etc/texmf/tex/latex/config/color.cfg) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/dvips.def) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/dvipsnam.def)) ! LaTeX Error: File `bbm.sty’ not found. Type X to quit or <RETURN> to proceed, or enter new name. (Default extension: sty) Enter file name: ! Emergency stop. <read *> l.11 ...ackage{amsmath}\usepackage{bbm}\usepackage {colortbl}^^M No pages of output. Transcript written on math.log.

   and

   System Message: WARNING/2 (f_{1}(x))

   latex exited with error: [stderr] [stdout] This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-1.40.10 (TeX Live 2009/Debian) entering extended mode (./math.tex LaTeX2e <2009/09/24> Babel <v3.8l> and hyphenation patterns for english, usenglishmax, dumylang, noh yphenation, loaded. (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/article.cls Document Class: article 2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/size12.clo)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/inputenc.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/utf8x.def)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/ucs.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/data/uni-global.def)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsmath.sty For additional information on amsmath, use the `?’ option. (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amstext.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsgen.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsbsy.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsopn.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amscls/amsthm.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsfonts/amssymb.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsfonts/amsfonts.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/tools/bm.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/euler/euler.sty Package: `euler’ v2.5 <1995/03/05> (FJ and FMi) ) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/color.sty (/etc/texmf/tex/latex/config/color.cfg) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/dvips.def) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/dvipsnam.def)) ! LaTeX Error: File `bbm.sty’ not found. Type X to quit or <RETURN> to proceed, or enter new name. (Default extension: sty) Enter file name: ! Emergency stop. <read *> l.11 ...ackage{amsmath}\usepackage{bbm}\usepackage {colortbl}^^M No pages of output. Transcript written on math.log.

   ). So, we load them in the usual way:

   src1 = imread("../../images/LinuxLogo.jpg");
   src2 = imread("../../images/WindowsLogo.jpg");
   

   Warning

   Since we are adding src1 and src2, they both have to be of the same size (width and height) and type.

2. Now we need to generate the

   System Message: WARNING/2 (g(x))

   latex exited with error: [stderr] [stdout] This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-1.40.10 (TeX Live 2009/Debian) entering extended mode (./math.tex LaTeX2e <2009/09/24> Babel <v3.8l> and hyphenation patterns for english, usenglishmax, dumylang, noh yphenation, loaded. (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/article.cls Document Class: article 2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/size12.clo)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/inputenc.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/utf8x.def)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/ucs.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/data/uni-global.def)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsmath.sty For additional information on amsmath, use the `?’ option. (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amstext.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsgen.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsbsy.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsopn.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amscls/amsthm.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsfonts/amssymb.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsfonts/amsfonts.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/tools/bm.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/euler/euler.sty Package: `euler’ v2.5 <1995/03/05> (FJ and FMi) ) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/color.sty (/etc/texmf/tex/latex/config/color.cfg) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/dvips.def) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/dvipsnam.def)) ! LaTeX Error: File `bbm.sty’ not found. Type X to quit or <RETURN> to proceed, or enter new name. (Default extension: sty) Enter file name: ! Emergency stop. <read *> l.11 ...ackage{amsmath}\usepackage{bbm}\usepackage {colortbl}^^M No pages of output. Transcript written on math.log.

   image. For this, the function addWeighted comes quite handy:

   beta = ( 1.0 - alpha );
   addWeighted( src1, alpha, src2, beta, 0.0, dst);
   

   since addWeighted produces:

   System Message: WARNING/2 (dst = \alpha \cdot src1 + \beta \cdot src2 + \gamma)

   latex exited with error: [stderr] [stdout] This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-1.40.10 (TeX Live 2009/Debian) entering extended mode (./math.tex LaTeX2e <2009/09/24> Babel <v3.8l> and hyphenation patterns for english, usenglishmax, dumylang, noh yphenation, loaded. (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/article.cls Document Class: article 2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/size12.clo)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/inputenc.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/utf8x.def)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/ucs.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/data/uni-global.def)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsmath.sty For additional information on amsmath, use the `?’ option. (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amstext.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsgen.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsbsy.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsopn.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amscls/amsthm.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsfonts/amssymb.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsfonts/amsfonts.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/tools/bm.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/euler/euler.sty Package: `euler’ v2.5 <1995/03/05> (FJ and FMi) ) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/color.sty (/etc/texmf/tex/latex/config/color.cfg) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/dvips.def) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/dvipsnam.def)) ! LaTeX Error: File `bbm.sty’ not found. Type X to quit or <RETURN> to proceed, or enter new name. (Default extension: sty) Enter file name: ! Emergency stop. <read *> l.11 ...ackage{amsmath}\usepackage{bbm}\usepackage {colortbl}^^M No pages of output. Transcript written on math.log.

   In this case,

   System Message: WARNING/2 (\gamma)

   latex exited with error: [stderr] [stdout] This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-1.40.10 (TeX Live 2009/Debian) entering extended mode (./math.tex LaTeX2e <2009/09/24> Babel <v3.8l> and hyphenation patterns for english, usenglishmax, dumylang, noh yphenation, loaded. (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/article.cls Document Class: article 2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/size12.clo)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/inputenc.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/utf8x.def)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/ucs.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/data/uni-global.def)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsmath.sty For additional information on amsmath, use the `?’ option. (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amstext.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsgen.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsbsy.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsopn.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amscls/amsthm.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsfonts/amssymb.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsfonts/amsfonts.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/tools/bm.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/euler/euler.sty Package: `euler’ v2.5 <1995/03/05> (FJ and FMi) ) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/color.sty (/etc/texmf/tex/latex/config/color.cfg) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/dvips.def) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/dvipsnam.def)) ! LaTeX Error: File `bbm.sty’ not found. Type X to quit or <RETURN> to proceed, or enter new name. (Default extension: sty) Enter file name: ! Emergency stop. <read *> l.11 ...ackage{amsmath}\usepackage{bbm}\usepackage {colortbl}^^M No pages of output. Transcript written on math.log.

   is the argument

   System Message: WARNING/2 (0.0)

   latex exited with error: [stderr] [stdout] This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-1.40.10 (TeX Live 2009/Debian) entering extended mode (./math.tex LaTeX2e <2009/09/24> Babel <v3.8l> and hyphenation patterns for english, usenglishmax, dumylang, noh yphenation, loaded. (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/article.cls Document Class: article 2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/size12.clo)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/inputenc.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/utf8x.def)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/ucs.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/ucs/data/uni-global.def)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsmath.sty For additional information on amsmath, use the `?’ option. (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amstext.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsgen.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsbsy.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsmath/amsopn.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amscls/amsthm.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsfonts/amssymb.sty (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/amsfonts/amsfonts.sty)) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/tools/bm.sty) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/euler/euler.sty Package: `euler’ v2.5 <1995/03/05> (FJ and FMi) ) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/color.sty (/etc/texmf/tex/latex/config/color.cfg) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/dvips.def) (/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/graphics/dvipsnam.def)) ! LaTeX Error: File `bbm.sty’ not found. Type X to quit or <RETURN> to proceed, or enter new name. (Default extension: sty) Enter file name: ! Emergency stop. <read *> l.11 ...ackage{amsmath}\usepackage{bbm}\usepackage {colortbl}^^M No pages of output. Transcript written on math.log.

   in the code above.

3. Create windows, show the images and wait for the user to end the program.

Result