OpenCV在龙芯电脑上的测试
Wikipedia，自由的百科全书
龙芯是一种MIPS指令集的通用RISC处理器，由中科院计算所研发，中科龙梦生产，具有低功耗的特点。在一些计算机视觉的应用中，应该可以使用龙芯系统来完成某些功能。为了为大家提供一个参考，特进行了一次OpenCV在龙芯电脑的测试。
测试电脑为使用龙芯2E CPU的福珑迷你电脑，俗称龙芯盒子。
目录 |
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硬件配置
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CPU信息
命令 cat /proc/cpuinfo 的输出为：
system type : Lemote Fulong mini-PC board processor : 0 cpu model : Godson2 V0.2 FPU V0.1 BogoMIPS : 444.41 wait instruction : no microsecond timers : yes tlb_entries : 64 extra interrupt vector : no hardware watchpoint : no ASEs implemented : VCED exceptions : not available VCEI exceptions : not available
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内存信息
命令 cat /proc/meminfo 的输出为：
MemTotal: 514592 kB MemFree: 64768 kB Buffers: 11104 kB Cached: 134288 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 371216 kB Inactive: 36960 kB HighTotal: 0 kB HighFree: 0 kB LowTotal: 514592 kB LowFree: 64768 kB SwapTotal: 247312 kB SwapFree: 247072 kB Dirty: 368 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 262816 kB Mapped: 101584 kB Slab: 27408 kB PageTables: 5216 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB CommitLimit: 504608 kB Committed_AS: 536736 kB VmallocTotal: 137438953472 kB VmallocUsed: 4592 kB VmallocChunk: 137438948592 kB
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操作系统与软件
Debian，内核为2.6.18，
命令 uname -a 的输出为 uname -a
Linux debian 2.6.18.1-loongson2e-lm32 #1 PREEMPT Fri Sep 14 04:40:24 CST 2007 mips64 GNU/Linux
命令 gcc -v 的输出为：
Using built-in specs. Target: mipsel-linux-gnu Configured with: ../src/configure -v --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++,treelang --prefix=/usr --enable-shared --with-system-zlib --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --enable-nls --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.1.3 --program-suffix=-4.1 --enable-__cxa_atexit --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-mpfr --disable-libssp --enable-checking=release mipsel-linux-gnu Thread model: posix gcc version 4.1.3 20070831 (prerelease) (Debian 4.1.2-16)
命令 g++ -v 的输出为：
Using built-in specs. Target: mipsel-linux-gnu Configured with: ../src/configure -v --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++,treelang --prefix=/usr --enable-shared --with-system-zlib --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --enable-nls --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.1.3 --program-suffix=-4.1 --enable-__cxa_atexit --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-mpfr --disable-libssp --enable-checking=release mipsel-linux-gnu Thread model: posix gcc version 4.1.3 20070831 (prerelease) (Debian 4.1.2-16)
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OpenCV安装
目前Debian的软件仓库中已经包含了OpenCV 1.0， 可以按照本网站提供的Debian下安装，一个命令搞定安装。
apt-get install libcv-dev libcvaux-dev libhighgui-dev
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OpenCV测试
测试程序为OpenCV 1.0源代码中tests目录下的测试程序。
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cxcore模块测试
OpenCV源代码解压后，先进入tests/cxcore/src目录， 运行下面的命令生成测试程序cxcoretest。
g++ `pkg-config --libs --cflags opencv` -o cxcoretest *.cpp ../../cxts/*.cpp -I../../cxts
然后运行./cxcoretest，69个测试全部通过，耗时33分37秒。
该测试在Intel P4 3.0G计算机上需要的时间是4分49秒，69个测试也全部通过。
cxcoretest的输出结果如下：
WARNING: config name is not specified, using default parameters Engine: CxTest 0.1 Execution Date & Time: Sun Sep 16 19:56:31 2007 Config File: (null) Tested Libraries: cxcore: 1.0.0, cv: 1.0.0 Optimized Low-level Plugin's: ================================================= ------------------------------------------------- arithm-absdiff: .............................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- arithm-absdiffs: ............................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- arithm-add: .................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- arithm-adds: ................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- arithm-addweighted: .......................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- arithm-div: .................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- arithm-max: .................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- arithm-maxs: ................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- arithm-min: .................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- arithm-mins: ................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- arithm-mul: .................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- arithm-recip: ................................................ Ok ------------------------------------------------- arithm-sub: .................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- arithm-subrs: ................................................ Ok ------------------------------------------------- cmp-cmp: ..................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- cmp-cmps: .................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- cmp-inrange: ................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- cmp-inranges: ................................................ Ok ------------------------------------------------- cvt-scale: ................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- cvt-scaleabs: ................................................ Ok ------------------------------------------------- ds-graph: ..................................................................................................................................................k Ok ------------------------------------------------- ds-seq-base: ...................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- ds-seq-sortinv: ............................................................................................................................................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- ds-set: ............................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- dxt-dct: ..................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- dxt-dft: ..................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- dxt-mulspectrums: ............................................ Ok ------------------------------------------------- logic-and: ................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- logic-ands: .................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- logic-not: ................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- logic-or: .................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- logic-ors: ................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- logic-xor: ................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- logic-xors: .................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- math-cart2polar: ............................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- math-exp: .................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- math-log: .................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- math-polar2cart: ............................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- math-pow: .................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- matrix-covar: ................................................ Ok ------------------------------------------------- matrix-crossproduct: ......................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- matrix-det: .................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- matrix-dotproduct: ........................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- matrix-gemm: ................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- matrix-invert: ............................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- matrix-mahalanobis: .......................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- matrix-multransposed: ........................................ Ok ------------------------------------------------- matrix-perspective: .......................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- matrix-scaleadd: ............................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- matrix-solve: ................................................ Ok ------------------------------------------------- matrix-svbksb: ............................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- matrix-svd: .................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- matrix-trace: ................................................ Ok ------------------------------------------------- matrix-transform: ............................................ Ok ------------------------------------------------- mem-copy: .................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- mem-fill: .................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- mem-flip: .................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- mem-merge: ................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- mem-setidentity: ............................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- mem-setzero: ................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- mem-split: ................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- mem-transpose: ............................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- stat-mean: ................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- stat-mean_stddev: ............................................ Ok ------------------------------------------------- stat-minmaxloc: .............................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- stat-nonzero: ................................................ Ok ------------------------------------------------- stat-norm: ................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- stat-sum: .................................................... Ok ================================================= Summary: 0 out of 69 tests failed Running time: 00:33:37
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cv模块测试
OpenCV源代码解压后，先进入tests/cv/src目录， 运行下面的命令生成测试程序cvtest，并将生成的cvtest放入到一个子目录中（cvtest程序从../../testdata中寻找测试数据）。
g++ `pkg-config --libs --cflags opencv` -o cvtest *.cpp ../../cxts/*.cpp -I../../cxts mkdir tmp mv cvtest tmp/ cd tmp ./cvtest
然后运行./cvtest，78个测试通过77个，有一个（shape-moments）因为精度问题出错（Bad accuracy)），耗时45分39秒。
该测试在Intel P4 3.0G计算机上需要的时间是3分46秒，78个测试全部通过。
WARNING: config name is not specified, using default parameters Engine: CxTest 0.1 Execution Date & Time: Sun Sep 16 20:59:59 2007 Config File: (null) Tested Libraries: cxcore: 1.0.0, cv: 1.0.0 Optimized Low-level Plugin's: ================================================= ------------------------------------------------- _3d-cvt-homogen: ............................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- _3d-epilines: ................................................ Ok ------------------------------------------------- _3d-fundam: .................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- _3d-rodrigues: ............................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- accum-acc: ................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- accum-mulacc: ................................................ Ok ------------------------------------------------- accum-runavg: ................................................ Ok ------------------------------------------------- accum-squareacc: ............................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- calibratecamera: Ok ------------------------------------------------- canny: ....................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- chessboard-detector: ....... Ok ------------------------------------------------- color-bayer: ................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- color-gray: .................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- color-hls: ................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- color-hsv: ................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- color-lab: ................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- color-luv: ................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- color-rgb: ................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- color-xyz: ................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- color-ycc: ................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- contour-approx: Ok ------------------------------------------------- contour-find: ................................................ Ok ------------------------------------------------- distrans: .................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- emd: Ok ------------------------------------------------- features-evalvec: ............................................ Ok ------------------------------------------------- features-mineval: ............................................ Ok ------------------------------------------------- features-precorner: .......................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- filter-blur: ................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- filter-gaussian: ............................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- filter-generic: .............................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- filter-laplace: .............................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- filter-median: ............................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- filter-sobel: ................................................ Ok ------------------------------------------------- floodfill: ................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- hist-backproj: ............................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- hist-backprojpatch: .......................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- hist-bayesianprob: ........................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- hist-calc: .................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- hist-compare: ................................................ Ok ------------------------------------------------- hist-minmax: ................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- hist-normalize: .............................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- hist-query: .................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- hist-threshold: .............................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- integral: .................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- kalman: Ok ------------------------------------------------- match-template: .............................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- mhi-global: .................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- mhi-gradient: ................................................ Ok ------------------------------------------------- mhi-update: .................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- moments-hu: .................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- moments-raster: .............................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- morph-dilate: ................................................ Ok ------------------------------------------------- morph-erode: ................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- optflow-pyrlk: Ok ------------------------------------------------- posit: ................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- pyramid-down: ................................................ Ok ------------------------------------------------- pyramid-up: .................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- segmentation-pyramid: Ok ------------------------------------------------- shape-convhull: .............................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- shape-fit-ellipse: ........................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- shape-fit-line: .............................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- shape-minarearect: ........................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- shape-mincircle: ............................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- shape-moments: ................... FAIL(Bad accuracy) ------------------------------------------------- shape-perimeter: ............................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- snakes: . Ok ------------------------------------------------- subdiv: ..................................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- thresh-simple: ............................................... Ok ------------------------------------------------- track-camshift: .............................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- track-meanshift: ............................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- warp-affine: ................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- warp-perspective: ............................................ Ok ------------------------------------------------- warp-remap: .................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- warp-resize: ................................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- warp-subpix-quad: ............................................ Ok ------------------------------------------------- warp-subpix-rect: ............................................ Ok ------------------------------------------------- warp-undistort: .............................................. Ok ------------------------------------------------- warp-undistort-map: .......................................... Ok ================================================= Summary: 1 out of 78 tests failed Running time: 00:45:39
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综合评价
OpenCV可以在龙芯电脑上使用，且计算结果准确度没有问题（cvtest中的shape-moments因精度问题测试未通过不是严重问题），但是计算速度比目前流行PC慢，在对实时性要求高的应用中应该注意算法复杂度。
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